\n
\n SSR\u0130-nin \u0130spaniyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi \u201ck\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u0259r\u201d aras\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi xidm\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n xeyli \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131…
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n
\n Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 tarixi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulan\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u0130spaniyada \u00fc\u00e7 il\u0259 yax\u0131n davam ed\u0259n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si zaman\u0131 yaln\u0131z SSR\u0130 (bir az da Meksika) qanuni ispan h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z beyn\u0259lmil\u0259l yardm edib. Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 \u201cqar\u0131\u015fmamaq\u201d siyas\u0259ti ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda general Frankonun Almaniya v\u0259 \u0130taliyan\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 qanuni h\u00f6kum\u0259ti devirm\u0259sini laqeydlikl\u0259 izl\u0259dil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Q\u0259rb h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 deyil\u0259nl\u0259r do\u011frudur. Meksikada is\u0259 1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259n sosialist Lasaro Kardenas prezident idi v\u0259 \u0130span\u0131yan\u0131n sol\u00e7u Xalq c\u0259bh\u0259si h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildi. \u018fn ciddi d\u0259st\u0259k is\u0259 SSR\u0130-d\u0259n g\u0259lirdi, bu \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259sizdir. Amma h\u0259min d\u0259st\u0259k n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z idi v\u0259 \u0130spaniyadak\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Moskva h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259nmi m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi rol oynad\u0131? N\u00f6vb\u0259ti m\u0259qal\u0259miz bu bar\u0259d\u0259dir.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130spaniyada monarxiya 1931-ci ild\u0259 devrildi v\u0259 respublika elan edildi. H\u0259min il ke\u00e7iril\u0259n se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 respublika\u00e7\u0131lar qalib g\u0259ldil\u0259r: parlamentd\u0259ki 470 yerin 394-n\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259ndil\u0259r, bunlardan da 291-i sol respublika\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Dekabr\u0131n 9-da yeni konstitusiya q\u0259bul olundu. Bu s\u0259n\u0259din b\u0259zi, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 katolik kils\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sol m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131 respublika\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 par\u00e7alad\u0131 v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259 respublikan\u0131n sonrak\u0131 u\u011fursuzlu\u011funun s\u0259b\u0259bi oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n ilk d\u0259f\u0259 i\u015ftirak etdiyi 1933-c\u00fc il se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 M\u00fcst\u0259qil Sa\u011flar\u0131n Konfederasiyas\u0131 (La Confederacion Espanola de Derechas Autonomas \u2014 CEDA) qalib g\u0259ldi. 1936-c\u0131 ilin fevral se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 Xalq C\u0259bh\u0259si koalisiyas\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015f\u0259n sollar hakimiyy\u0259ti yenid\u0259n \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 qaytard\u0131lar. Bundan sonra \u0259sas\u0259n monarxist v\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259li ispan ordusunda h\u0259rbi q\u0259sd formala\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qiyam 1936-c\u0131 il iyulun 17-d\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dcsyan\u00e7\u0131lar bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 qalib g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259min idil\u0259r, ax\u0131 ordunun \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si onlar\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yirdi. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 ilk g\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin 80%-i qiyama qo\u015fuldu. Amma ist\u0259nil\u0259n n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunmad\u0131. Xalq c\u0259bh\u0259si h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin m\u00fclki t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 ciddi m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdil\u0259r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n yaln\u0131z Sevilya qiyam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7di, Madrid v\u0259 Barselona da daxil olmaqla dig\u0259rl\u0259ri h\u00f6kum\u0259tin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 qald\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259rbi qiyam uzun s\u00fcr\u0259n v\u0259t\u0259da\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130lk g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259ki u\u011furlu m\u00fcqavim\u0259t\u0259 baxmayaraq, h\u00f6kum\u0259tin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti a\u011f\u0131r idi. Az bir qisim h\u0259rb\u00e7i h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 sadiq qald\u0131. \u00c7oxsayl\u0131 sol partiyalar\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259rind\u0259n formala\u015fan k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 intizam ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 idi. \u018fn \u0259sas\u0131 is\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin silah-sursat\u0131, h\u0259rbi texnikas\u0131 yox idi. H\u0259rbi l\u0259vazimat\u0131n \u00e7oxu qiyam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 idi. Amma h\u00f6kum\u0259td\u0259 qiyam\u00e7\u0131larda olmayan bir \u015fey vard\u0131: q\u0131z\u0131l.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0130spaniya q\u0131z\u0131l ehtiyat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnyada d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc yeri tuturdu. 1936-c\u0131 il iyulun 1-n\u0259 olan r\u0259smi m\u0259lumata g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 5,24 milyard peseta d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l vard\u0131. Bunu \u201cNew York Times\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 718 milyon dollara b\u0259rab\u0259r saym\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Bu da 2005-ci ild\u0259ki hesablamalara g\u00f6r\u0259, 9,7 milyard dollardan \u00e7ox idi. 2010-cu ild\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir hesablama is\u0259 12,2 milyard avroya b\u0259rab\u0259r oldu\u011funu iddia edirdi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, bu zaman yaln\u0131z \u00e7\u0259ki d\u0259y\u0259ri hesablan\u0131r, b\u0259zi sikk\u0259l\u0259rin numizmatik d\u0259y\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130yulun 26-dan etibar\u0259n \u0130spaniya \u00f6z q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n hiss\u0259-hiss\u0259 Fransaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. 1937-ci ilin mart\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r \u015fimal qon\u015fuya 193 ton q\u0131z\u0131l (v\u0259 ya 174 ton xalis q\u0131z\u0131l) g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi ki, bu da q\u0131z\u0131l ehtiyat\u0131n\u0131n 27,4%-i edirdi. G\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 Madrid h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 3 milyard 922 milyon frank (196 milyon dollar) v\u0259 bunu silah-sursat alma\u011fa x\u0259rcl\u0259di. Fransaya g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n 40,2 tonunun \u0259v\u0259zi \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259di. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra Franko h\u00f6kum\u0259tini tan\u0131yan Paris bu qal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ona qaytard\u0131. Q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n \u00e7ox hiss\u0259si is\u0259 Moskvaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131 \u0130spaniyada ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 xeyli soyuq yana\u015fd\u0131. Bu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 Kremlin el\u0259 d\u0259 maraqlar\u0131 yox idi. SSR\u0130 h\u0259tta Madridd\u0259 s\u0259firl\u0259 bel\u0259 t\u0259msil olunmurdu. Do\u011frudur, Rusiyada bol\u015fevikl\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 k\u0259sil\u0259n diplomatik m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r 1933-c\u00fc ild\u0259 b\u0259rpa olundu v\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sovet xadiml\u0259rind\u0259n Anatoli Luna\u00e7arski s\u0259fir t\u0259yin edildi, amma o, \u0130spaniyaya \u00e7atmadan, h\u0259l\u0259 Fransada stenokardiyadan \u00f6ld\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bundan sonra uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t n\u00f6vb\u0259yi s\u0259firin t\u0259yin olunmamas\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 CEDA-n\u0131n olmas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin \u0130spaniya il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 ciddi \u00f6n\u0259m verm\u0259m\u0259sinin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi idi. Moskva \u0130spaniyaya n\u00f6vb\u0259ti s\u0259firini (Marsel Rozenberq) yaln\u0131z 1936-c\u0131 ilin avqustun 28-d\u0259, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flayandan sonra t\u0259yin etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259ti ba\u015f ver\u0259n qiyama v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259 soyuq yana\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Qiyam\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan art\u0131q bir h\u0259ft\u0259 sonra Ba\u015f nazir Xose Xiral Fransadak\u0131 sovet s\u0259firin\u0259 silah t\u0259chizat\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdi. Sonrak\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 analoji m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259r daha bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yollarla edildi. Amma sovet t\u0259r\u0259fi m\u00fcsb\u0259t reaksiya verm\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n
\n SSR\u0130-nin Xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri Maksim Litvinov avqustun 23-d\u0259 Parisd\u0259ki sovet s\u0259firin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi t\u0259limatda ispan s\u0259firin\u0259 bunlar\u0131 dem\u0259yi tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131: sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u0130spaniyan\u0131n uzaqda yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si, n\u0259qliyyat x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin bahal\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fckl\u0259rin \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u201cqar\u0131\u015fmamaq\u201d siyas\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n ispan h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin m\u00fcraci\u0259tini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn is\u0259 SSR\u0130 dig\u0259r qar\u0131\u015fmamaq haqq\u0131nda s\u0259n\u0259di imzalad\u0131 (\u00fcmum\u0259n bu s\u0259n\u0259di 27 d\u00f6vl\u0259t, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n qiyam\u00e7\u0131lara ciddi yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n Almaniya v\u0259 \u0130taliya imzalad\u0131).\n<\/p>\n
\n Amma sentyabr\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n sovet r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin yana\u015fmas\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdi. \u0130spaniyaya yard\u0131m etm\u0259k q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131. Yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259sinin yollar\u0131 k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rland\u0131 v\u0259 ay\u0131n sonunda Kommunist partiyas\u0131n\u0131n siyasi b\u00fcrosu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cX \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda t\u0259sdiql\u0259ndi. Plan\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn K\u0259\u015ffiyyat idar\u0259sin\u0259 (Razvedupr) 1,91 milyon rubl v\u0259 190 min AB\u015e dollar\u0131 ayr\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130spaniyaya h\u0259m SSR\u0130-d\u0259 istehsal olunan, h\u0259m d\u0259 saxta firmalar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 xaricd\u0259n al\u0131nan silah-sursat, texnika il\u0259 yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Sovet r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin fikrini d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bi bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259qiq m\u0259lumat yoxdur. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259r bu bar\u0259d\u0259 yaln\u0131z ehtimallar s\u0259sl\u0259ndirirl\u0259r. Q\u0259rbi Avropada sovet k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u0131na r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n Valter Krivitski hesab edirdi ki, burada geosiyasi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 ispan q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 da m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130lk sovet yard\u0131m\u0131 oktyabr\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130spaniyaya g\u0259ldi. Yard\u0131m t\u0259kc\u0259 texnikadan ibar\u0259t deyildi, h\u0259m d\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n texnikan\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r d\u0259 vard\u0131. \u018fg\u0259r \u0130spaniyan\u0131n h\u0259rbi-hava q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri dem\u0259k olar ki, tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131larsa, dig\u0259r qo\u015fun n\u00f6vl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259rbi kadrlara k\u0259skin ehtiyac duyulurdu. H\u0259min ehtiyac\u0131 sovet h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130spaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin Maliyy\u0259 naziri Xuan Neqrin \u201cq\u0131z\u0131l ehtiyat\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u201d sentyabr\u0131n 13-d\u0259 m\u0259xfi dekret imzalad\u0131. Bu s\u0259n\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131l ehtiyat\u0131 qiyam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 yeridikl\u0259ri Madridd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131laraq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz yer\u0259 apar\u0131lmal\u0131 idi. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn q\u0131z\u0131llar \u0130spaniya bank\u0131ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k Ato\u00e7a d\u0259miryolu va\u011fzal\u0131na g\u0259tirildi, buradan Kartaxena liman \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. Q\u0131z\u0131l dolu 10 000 ye\u015fikd\u0259n 7800-\u00fc oktyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 is\u0259 d\u00f6rd sovet g\u0259misin\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259ndi v\u0259 SSR\u0130-y\u0259 yola sal\u0131nd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130span q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Moskvaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259si ideyas\u0131n\u0131n kim\u0259 m\u0259xsus olmas\u0131 da tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin m\u00fcbahis\u0259 m\u00f6vzusudur. Kimisi bunun Neqrinin \u00f6z ideyas\u0131 oldu\u011funu, kimisi is\u0259 sovet n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri (bu zaman Artur Sta\u015fevskinin ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilir) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n p\u0131\u00e7\u0131ldand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deyirl\u0259r. H\u0259r halda, h\u0259r birind\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 65 kq q\u0131z\u0131l olan 7800 ye\u015fik bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra SSR\u0130-nin Odessa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 yeti\u015fdi, oradan da qatarla Moskvaya apar\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n yaln\u0131z az hiss\u0259si (792 kq) k\u00fcl\u00e7\u0259 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 v\u0259 999 \u0259yarl\u0131 idi. Qalan hiss\u0259si is\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131z\u0131l sikk\u0259l\u0259ri idi ki, onlarda da m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r ba\u015fqa metallar\u0131n qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Sovet t\u0259r\u0259finin hesablamalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00e7\u0259kisi 509,2 tondan art\u0131q olan q\u0131z\u0131l pullardan 460,57 tona yax\u0131n 999 \u0259yarl\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131l al\u0131nd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n B\u0259zi sikk\u0259l\u0259r nadir v\u0259 antikvar oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259sl qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri nominal d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox idi. Amma sovet t\u0259r\u0259fi bunu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaqdan imtina etdi. M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, bu \u00fczd\u0259n ispan t\u0259r\u0259fi 20 milyon dollar h\u0259cmind\u0259 ziyan g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ehtimal olunur ki, h\u0259min sikk\u0259l\u0259r dig\u0259rl\u0259ri kimi \u0259ridilm\u0259di, beyn\u0259lxalq h\u0259rraclarda sat\u0131ld\u0131, f\u0259rqini is\u0259 sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259ti m\u0259nims\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n
\n Q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n \u00e7\u0259kisi hesabland\u0131qdan sonra sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259ti oktyabrda g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi \u201cyard\u0131m\u201d\u0131n haqq\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b etdi. Bu zaman s\u0131rf h\u0259rbi l\u0259vazimatlar\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259ri deyil, da\u015f\u0131nma x\u0259rcl\u0259ri, \u0130spaniyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n \u201ck\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc\u201d sovet h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rinin v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259rinin yol x\u0259rcl\u0259ri v\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259ri, h\u0259lak olanlar\u0131n ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nil\u0259c\u0259k m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f v\u0259 s. x\u0259rcl\u0259r bu t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 daxil idi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, ispan q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n SSR\u0130-y\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nma, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 burada yoxlama, \u0259ritm\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259rini d\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nm\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0130span h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin verdiyi sifari\u015fl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda q\u0131z\u0131l hiss\u0259-hiss\u0259 London fond birjas\u0131n\u0131n kursu \u0259sas\u0131nda funt-sterlinq\u0259, dollara, Fransa frank\u0131na \u00e7evrildi. \u018fld\u0259 olunan v\u0259saitin 2,1%-i komisyon haqq kimi, 1,2%-i is\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259ridilm\u0259si x\u0259rcl\u0259ri kimi (c\u0259mi 14,5 milyon) SSR\u0130 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tutuldu. \u0130spaniya Respublikas\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 470 milyon dollar ekvivalentind\u0259 v\u0259sait \u0259ld\u0259 etdi. 131,6 milyon m\u00fcxt\u0259lif mallar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 xidm\u0259t haqq\u0131 kimi SSR\u0130-y\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nilir. 338,5 milyon dollar is\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n h\u0259rbi mallar almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Parisd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u015eimali Avropa kommersiya bank\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu bank SSR\u0130-nin D\u00f6vl\u0259t bank\u0131na m\u0259xsus idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130span q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259rbi l\u0259vazimatlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 zaman sovet t\u0259r\u0259finin \u0259li\u0259yriliy\u0259 yol verib-verm\u0259m\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 tarix\u00e7il\u0259r aras\u0131nda yekdil r\u0259y m\u00f6vcud deyildir. B\u0259zil\u0259ri h\u0259r \u015feyin d\u00fcr\u00fcst oldu\u011funu iddia edir, b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 ispanlar\u0131n se\u00e7im imkan\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131ndan Moskvan\u0131n sui-istifad\u0259 etdiyini s\u00f6yl\u0259yir. Bu zaman ba\u015fqa valyutalara d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259 zaman\u0131 rublun kursunun, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259rbi texnikan\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259rinin s\u00fcni \u015fi\u015firdilm\u0259si, sovet anbarlar\u0131nda qalan k\u00f6hn\u0259 silahlar\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r halalr n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018fli\u0259yrilikd\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ittihamlar do\u011fru olmasa bel\u0259, faktlar onillikl\u0259r boyu t\u0259bli\u011f edildiyinin \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, SSR\u0130-nin \u0130spaniya respublikas\u0131na t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z yard\u0131m etm\u0259diyini ortaya qoyur. Moskva haqq\u0131 ispan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259y\u0259n he\u00e7 bir i\u015f g\u00f6rm\u0259yib. H\u0259tta haqq\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259nil\u0259n l\u0259vazimatlar\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131 r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi b\u0259zi \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu da \u0259sas\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 kommunistl\u0259rin t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si v\u0259 dig\u0259r siyasi add\u0131mlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 olurdu. 1938-ci ilin aprelind\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l ehtiyat\u0131 t\u00fck\u0259n\u0259nd\u0259n sonra is\u0259 \u0130spaniyaya he\u00e7 bir yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259di. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 bir il sonra respublika s\u00fcqut etdi v\u0259 36 il davam ed\u0259n Franko diktaturas\u0131 quruldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n SSR\u0130-nin \u0130spaniyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi \u201ck\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u0259r\u201d aras\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi xidm\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n xeyli \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. Tezlikl\u0259 onlar \u0130spaniyada d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u00e7ind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t yaratd\u0131lar v\u0259 trotski\u00e7il\u0259r, anarxistl\u0259r, Stalini sevm\u0259y\u0259n dig\u0259r sol\u00e7ulara qar\u015f\u0131 terrora ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Valter Krivitski \u201cM\u0259n Stalinin agenti idim\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cArt\u0131q 1936-c\u0131 ilin dekabr\u0131nda Madridd\u0259, Barselonada, Valensiyada terror \u0259sirdi, x\u00fcsusi h\u0259bsxanalar yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131, agentl\u0259r insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr v\u0259 o\u011furlay\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d. Sovet t\u0259chizat\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 olan h\u00f6kum\u0259t is\u0259 bu cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6z yumma\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu terrorun \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur n\u00fcmun\u0259si Marksist Vahid \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n (Partido Obrero de Unificacion Marxista \u2013 POUM) lideri Andres Ninin NKVD agentl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n o\u011furlanaraq a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si oldu. Britaniya Leyborist partiyas\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fczv\u00fc Robert Smillinin n\u0259v\u0259si, Rusiya men\u015fevikl\u0259rinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si Rafail Abramovi\u00e7in o\u011flu v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 Stalin terrorunun qurban\u0131 oldular.\n<\/p>\n
\n Stalin terroru qiyam\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 respublika\u00e7\u0131 c\u0259bh\u0259nin birliyini par\u00e7alad\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n \u0130spaniyaya g\u0259l\u0259n sol\u00e7ular\u0131n xeyli hiss\u0259si terrordan qurtulmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn geri qay\u0131td\u0131lar v\u0259 \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u0259rinin sonuna kimi sosializmin Stalin modelin\u0259 nifr\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fd\u0131lar. POUM s\u0131ralar\u0131nda d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Corc Oruel bu bax\u0131mdan x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. Onun \u201cHeyvan\u0131stan\u201d, \u201c1984\u201d v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 stalinizm \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc satiraya m\u0259ruz qald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Terror sovet n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, x\u00fcsus\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n Moskvaya apar\u0131lmas\u0131na aidiyyat\u0131 olanlardan da yan ke\u00e7m\u0259di. SSR\u0130-nin \u0130spaniyadak\u0131 ilk iki s\u0259firi Marsel Rozenberq v\u0259 Leon Qaykis g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ndil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259r v\u0259kili Segey Mar\u00e7enko (\u0259sl ad\u0131 Tateos Mandalyan) da az sonra eyni aqib\u0259ti ya\u015fad\u0131. \u0130span ordusunda ba\u015f h\u0259rbi m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7i kimi bir-biril\u0259rini \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259n Yan Berzin, Qriqori \u015etern, Kuzma Ka\u00e7anov da repressiya qurban\u0131 oldular. NKVD \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da bir \u00e7oxu, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Artur Sta\u015fevski, Moskvaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131lar v\u0259 g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ndil\u0259r. Andres Ninin q\u0259tlinin \u0259sas t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan Aleksandr Orlov v\u0259 Valter Krivitski is\u0259 terrordan qurtulmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Q\u0259rb\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Valter Krivitski \u201cM\u0259n Stalinin agenti idim\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cArt\u0131q 1936-c\u0131 ilin dekabr\u0131nda Madridd\u0259, Barselonada, Valensiyada terror \u0259sirdi, x\u00fcsusi h\u0259bsxanalar yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131, agentl\u0259r insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr v\u0259 o\u011furlay\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":119327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-204145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-xeberler","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n