\n \u0130nsan\u0131n \u0259sl mahiyy\u0259ti bug\u00fcn\u0259 kimi h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 tam olaraq t\u0259dqiq edilm\u0259yib\n<\/p>\n
\n Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Uilyam Qoldinqin \u201cMil\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r kral\u0131\u201d alleqorik roman\u0131na antiutopiya da dem\u0259k olar. O, bu \u0259s\u0259ri 1954-c\u00fc ild\u0259 yaz\u0131b. Qoldinq m\u0259hz bu roman\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 1983-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 qazan\u0131b.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018fs\u0259r britaniyal\u0131 bir qrup u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n t\u0259yyar\u0259 q\u0259zas\u0131ndan sonra kims\u0259siz adaya d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. D\u0259st\u0259d\u0259 ancaq o\u011flanlar olur v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 6-12 aras\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu roman sosial psixologiya il\u0259 maraqlananlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259 say\u0131la bil\u0259r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259s\u0259r m\u0259n\u0259 ikiqat l\u0259zz\u0259t el\u0259di. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 romanda \u00f6z q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r, hans\u0131 ki, onlar\u0131n ictimai davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 getdikc\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Kims\u0259siz adada azya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini el\u0259 apar\u0131rlar ki, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 he\u00e7 vaxt sivil ingilis c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 onlar bel\u0259 davran\u0131\u015flara yol verm\u0259zdil\u0259r. Burda sosial-psixoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u0259sas m\u0259qam onlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259skin d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin \u0259traf m\u00fchitl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259si il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n
\n Roman\u0131 oxuyark\u0259n, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lirdim. Nec\u0259 olur ki, 12 ya\u015fl\u0131 z\u0259r\u0259rsiz hesab etdiyimiz u\u015faq bel\u0259 amans\u0131z olur?! \u018fslind\u0259 insan\u0131n bu c\u00fcr heyr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259si t\u0259biidir. Ax\u0131 biz ist\u0259nil\u0259n fenomend\u0259 v\u0259 hadis\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259ntiqi \u0259sas tapma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131q.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018fs\u0259rin son s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 kimi ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259ri x\u0259yal\u0131mda geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edir v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcm\u0259 \u00e7oxlu suallar verirdim. Ax\u0131 nec\u0259 ola bil\u0259r ki, azya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlar bel\u0259 v\u0259h\u015fil\u0259\u015f\u0259 bilir?\n<\/p>\n
\n Roman\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131nda adan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f u\u015faqlar, 12 ya\u015fl\u0131 Ralf\u0131n \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcb gur s\u0259s \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bal\u0131qqula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na bir araya topla\u015f\u0131rlar. \u018fslind\u0259 onlar\u0131 bir araya toplayan \u00fcmumi b\u0259la v\u0259 qorxu olur. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 anlay\u0131r v\u0259 q\u0259rar verirl\u0259r ki, bu b\u0259lan\u0131 az-maz yum\u015faltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlara ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131, y\u0259ni qrup lideri laz\u0131md\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259min vaxt \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi say\u0131lacaq lider \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259ri m\u0259hz Ralfda olur. Onu da s\u0259sverm\u0259 yolu il\u0259 se\u00e7irl\u0259r. Ralf, qrup normalar\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qaydalar, m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq edir. Bunlar ham\u0131s\u0131 aktual \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri aradan qald\u0131rma\u011fa xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n qayda v\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r olur. Ralf\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n Piqqi d\u0259 vur\u011fulay\u0131r ki, biz qanunlara riay\u0259t etm\u0259liyik, \u00e7\u00fcnki biz v\u0259h\u015fi yox, ingilisl\u0259rik.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ralf\u0131n qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u0259n vacibi tonqal\u0131n daimi yanmas\u0131 olur. Bu adan\u0131n k\u0259nar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7\u0259n g\u0259mil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uzaqdan bir siqnal say\u0131la bil\u0259r. Oca\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6nm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan verm\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tonqala davaml\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259k k\u0259sl\u0259r t\u0259yin olunur. Ancaq bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 adadan xilas olmaq olar.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ralf\u0131n ikinci qaydas\u0131 gec\u0259l\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 idi. Bu u\u015faqlar\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015fdan v\u0259 gec\u0259 qarabasmalar\u0131ndan xilas etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ralf\u0131n liderlik stilini demokratik adland\u0131rmaq olar. O, y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqlarda h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 s\u00f6z haqq\u0131 verir, \u015fikay\u0259t v\u0259 fikirl\u0259ri dinl\u0259yir, onlar\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli m\u00fchakim\u0259l\u0259r y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcrd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n Buna baxmayaraq Ralf\u0131n \u0259sas r\u0259qibi \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n lider olmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n Cek \u00f6z \u0259traf\u0131na m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n u\u015faqlar\u0131 c\u0259lb ed\u0259 bilir. Cek fizioloji instinktl\u0259rin\u0259 qap\u0131laraq iddia edirdi ki, ov\u00e7uluq etm\u0259k daha \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir, n\u0259inki oca\u011fa n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaq. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, q\u0131zard\u0131lm\u0131\u015f donuz \u0259tininin qoxusu qrup \u00fczvl\u0259rinin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259lb edir. H\u0259tta Ralf\u0131 da.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 Cekin avtoritetinin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. U\u015faqlar Ralf\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil el\u0259diyi y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 onun qaydalar\u0131n\u0131 cans\u0131x\u0131c\u0131 hesab etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rlar. Cekin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 olan ov prosesi onlara daha \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259li g\u0259lir. Cek deyir ki, bu ada bizimdir v\u0259 biz ov edib, kef i\u00e7ind\u0259 ya\u015famal\u0131y\u0131q.\n<\/p>\n
\n U\u015faqlar\u0131n Cek\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda ikinci s\u0259b\u0259b adada olan b\u0259dheyb\u0259t il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olur. \u018fslind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir b\u0259dheyb\u0259t-zad olmur. Bu adaya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f hans\u0131sa adam\u0131n c\u0259s\u0259di olur. U\u015faqlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 el\u0259 bilir ki, adada n\u0259s\u0259 q\u0259rib\u0259 \u0259caib bir varl\u0131q var. Cek d\u0259 bu m\u00fcnbit \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir v\u0259 h\u0259min b\u0259dheyb\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f elan edir. Cekin q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131 siyasi liderl\u0259rin pafoslu m\u00fcharib\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259ri kimi effekt verir. Bu da onun \u00f6z q\u0259bil\u0259sini yaratma\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 h\u0259min q\u0259bil\u0259nin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ralfdan f\u0259rqli olaraq Cekin liderlik stili avtoritar idi. O, dig\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 tam boyun \u0259ym\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir, b\u00fct\u00fcn vacib q\u0259rarlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc q\u0259bul edir, f\u0259rqli, alternativ fikir\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t etmirdi. Ona qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xanlar\u0131 da c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 u\u015faq t\u0259bi\u0259tin\u0259 yad amans\u0131zl\u0131qlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. \u0130\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r, \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259r t\u0259bii hal al\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259n roman bar\u0259d\u0259 bundan art\u0131q m\u0259lumat verm\u0259k ist\u0259mir\u0259m. Kim\u0259 maraql\u0131d\u0131rsa, kitab\u0131 tap\u0131b oxuya bil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Onu da qeyd edim ki, q\u0259dim ivrit dilind\u0259 \u201cMil\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r kral\u0131\u201d \u201c\u015eeytan B\u0259\u0259lz\u0259bub\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verir. B\u0259\u0259lz\u0259bub burda simvolik m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Mil\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r kral\u0131 roman\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 tarixin maraql\u0131 v\u0259 q\u0259ddar eksperimentl\u0259rind\u0259n biri say\u0131lan \u201cStenford h\u0259bsxana eksperimenti\u201dni xat\u0131rlatd\u0131. 1971-ci ild\u0259 AB\u015e-da Philip Zimbardo adl\u0131 psixoloq, insanlar\u0131n ictimai rollara nec\u0259 reaksiya verdiyin\u0259 dair t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda bir eksperiment t\u0259\u015fkil edir. O, iki h\u0259ft\u0259 davam ed\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 24 ki\u015fid\u0259n ibar\u0259t qrupa Stenford Universitetinin Psixologiya Departamentinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 qat\u0131nda in\u015fa edil\u0259n saxta bir h\u0259bsxanada, g\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259hkumlar olaraq davranmalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. H\u0259min adamlara iki h\u0259ft\u0259 davam ed\u0259n eksperiment \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r pul verilir v\u0259 onlardan \u00f6zl\u0259rini bu s\u00fcni h\u0259bsxanada rollar\u0131na uy\u011fun aparmalar\u0131 tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259hkumlara t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 vaxt\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin \u0259mrl\u0259rini dinl\u0259m\u0259 z\u0259ruriliyi verilir. G\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 is\u0259 m\u0259hkumlara s\u00f6zl\u0259rini ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bacard\u0131qca s\u0259rt davranmalar\u0131, ancaq \u015fidd\u0259t\u0259 q\u0259tilikl\u0259 yol verm\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri bildirilir.\n<\/p>\n
\n B\u00fct\u00fcn prosesl\u0259r \u0259sl h\u0259bsxana qayda-qanununa uy\u011fun t\u0259tbiq olunur.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, nisb\u0259t\u0259n sakit ke\u00e7\u0259n birinci g\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra m\u0259hkumlar v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r aras\u0131nda ara qar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130ntriqalar el\u0259 hal al\u0131r ki, g\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r m\u0259hkumlarla sadist kimi davranma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131rlar. M\u0259hkumlara qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259l gizli, daha sonra a\u015fkar zorak\u0131l\u0131qlar t\u0259tbiq olunma\u011fa ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r \u201cs\u00f6z\u0259 baxmayan\u201d m\u0259hkumlar\u0131n d\u00f6\u015f\u0259kl\u0259rini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k, onlar\u0131 metal \u00e7arpay\u0131da yatma\u011fa m\u0259hkum edir, yem\u0259k yem\u0259kd\u0259n boyun qa\u00e7\u0131ranlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qaranl\u0131q otaqda qalmaq c\u0259zas\u0131 t\u0259tbiq edilir. Getdikc\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t daha da amans\u0131z hal al\u0131r, c\u0259zalar s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Zorak\u0131l\u0131q artd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eksperimenti vaxt\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l sonland\u0131r\u0131rlar.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu eksperiment onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin ya da m\u00f6vcud qanunlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n instansiyalar\u0131n bizim \u00fcz\u0259rimiz\u0259 bi\u00e7diyi rola el\u0259 alud\u0259 olmaq olar ki, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bel\u0259 yaddan \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259rik. Pis sistem insan\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259ki v\u0259h\u015fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 istisnalar da \u00e7oxdur. \u018ftraf\u0131n, sistemin b\u0259rbad olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq \u00f6z d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 sadiq, vicdan\u0131n v\u0259 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n itirm\u0259y\u0259n adamlar h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 olur.\n<\/p>\n
\n Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, Stenford eksperimentini simvoliz\u0259 ed\u0259n \u201cDas Experiment\u201d(2001) v\u0259 \u201cThe Experiment\u201d(2010) filml\u0259r\u0259 baxa bil\u0259rsiniz.\n<\/p>\n
\n B\u0259li, aliml\u0259rin n\u0259z\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcbi t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 insan psixologiyas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck eksperimental bazan\u0131n olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, insan\u0131n \u0259sl mahiyy\u0259ti bug\u00fcn\u0259 kimi h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 tam olaraq t\u0259dqiq edilm\u0259yib. Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sinin \u0259\u015fr\u0259fi, y\u0259ni \u0259n \u015f\u0259r\u0259flisi hesab olunan insan, el\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259r\u0259fsizlik ed\u0259n varl\u0131q kimi d\u0259 yadda qalmaqdad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n G\u00f6z\u0259l \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yadda qalanlara salam olsun!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsan\u0131n \u0259sl mahiyy\u0259ti bug\u00fcn\u0259 kimi h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 tam olaraq t\u0259dqiq edilm\u0259yib<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":118895,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-194220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-xeberler","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n